Formulation and characterization of agar-chia gum coated niosomes for controlled ferrous fumarate release.

制备和表征琼脂-奇亚籽胶包覆的非离子脂质体用于控制富马酸亚铁的释放

Atena Pasban, Seyedeh Mousavi, Omid Toupchian, Mohammad Hesarinejad (2026) Formulation and characterization of agar-chia gum coated niosomes for controlled ferrous fumarate release. Food Chem (IF: 9.8) 1 区 515 149182

Abstract

Iron deficiency remains a global nutritional challenge, requiring stable and efficient delivery systems for fortification. This study aimed to develop a novel carrier by encapsulating ferrous fumarate-loaded niosomes within a hydrogel matrix composed of agar and chia seed gum (CSG). The niosomes exhibited a uniformity (PDI < 0.22) and negative surface charge (<-23 mV), ensuring electrostatic stability. FTIR indicated that the characteristic peak of ferrous was not present in the spectrum of hybrid systems. XRD showed that successful transition of crystalline iron into an amorphous state within the carriers. Rheological assessment revealed that the agar enhanced the viscoelastic moduli (G' > G'') and mechanical strength. FESEM demonstrated non-porous surface morphology in the dual-hydrogel system, which improved thermal stability (Tm > 300 °C). Release studies highlighted that while CSG were susceptible to rapid destabilization, the dual-hydrogel (≅42.6%) matrix provided superior protection. Overall, the agar-CSG-niosome composite represents a robust platform for the fortification of functional foods.Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

铁缺乏仍然是全球营养挑战，需要稳定高效的强化递送系统。本研究旨在开发一种新型载体，将负载富马酸亚铁的非离子脂质体包裹在由琼脂和奇亚籽胶（CSG）组成的水凝胶基质中。该非离子脂质体具有良好的均匀性（PDI < 0.22）和负表面电荷（<-23 mV），确保了其静电稳定性。FTIR 光谱表明，混合体系的光谱中未出现亚铁的特征峰。XRD 分析表明，载体中结晶态铁成功转化为非晶态。流变学评估显示，琼脂提高了粘弹性模量（G' > G''）和机械强度。FESEM 图像显示，双水凝胶体系具有无孔表面形貌，从而提高了热稳定性（Tm > 300 °C）。释放研究表明，虽然 CSG 容易快速失稳，但双水凝胶（约 42.6%）基质提供了更优异的保护。总体而言，琼脂-CSG-niosome复合材料为功能性食品的强化提供了一个可靠的平台。版权所有 © 2026。由 Elsevier Ltd. 出版。

Links

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41980361
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.149182

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