Three-dimensional models of skeletal muscle under tension: a systematic review and core outcome set.

骨骼肌张力下的三维模型：系统评价和核心结果集

Kunal Bhanot, , Neal Thurley, Robin Cleveland, Jolet Mimpen, Sarah Snelling, Rory Rickard, Robert Staruch (2026) Three-dimensional models of skeletal muscle under tension: a systematic review and core outcome set. NPJ Regen Med (IF: 6.5) 1 区

Abstract

Biologically representative three-dimensional (3D) skeletal muscle models are required to understand the mechanisms underpinning muscle disease. The primary aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the current literature on 3D skeletal muscle models under tension. Its secondary aim is to explore injury mechanisms and generate a novel Core Outcome Set (COS) for reporting of such models. In vitro studies that utilised any skeletal muscle cell types cultured with an anchor system imposing axial strain were eligible for inclusion. A modified Delphi approach using corresponding authors of included studies was then developed to obtain a COS. This systematic review was reported in compliance with the PRISMA 2020 checklist. 37 articles were included. Of these, 7 articles induced an injury in their model. Cell lines used were both human and animal. Immunohistochemical testing on models revealed greatest concordance for myosin heavy chain (MHC), alpha actinin, and Pax7 as a means of demonstrating striated muscle. The final COS agreed on multiple reporting criteria for the validation of models based on morphology, phenotype and function. This systematic review summarises the current literature and has developed core outcome reporting for models of 3D skeletal muscle that impose axial strain.© 2026. Crown.

生物学上具有代表性的三维（3D）骨骼肌模型对于理解肌肉疾病的潜在机制至关重要。本系统综述的主要目的是评估当前关于张力下3D骨骼肌模型的文献。其次，旨在探索损伤机制，并制定一套新的核心结局指标集（COS），用于此类模型的报告。纳入标准为：体外研究，使用任何骨骼肌细胞类型，并采用锚定系统施加轴向应变。随后，我们采用改良的德尔菲法，邀请纳入研究的通讯作者参与，最终确定了COS。本系统综述的报告遵循PRISMA 2020指南。共纳入37篇文章。其中，7篇文章在其模型中诱导了损伤。所用细胞系包括人源细胞系和动物源细胞系。对模型进行免疫组织化学检测显示，肌球蛋白重链（MHC）、α-肌动蛋白和Pax7的表达一致性最高，可用于表征横纹肌。最终的核心结果标准（COS）就基于形态、表型和功能的模型验证的多项报告标准达成一致。本系统综述总结了现有文献，并针对施加轴向应变的三维骨骼肌模型制定了核心结果报告标准。© 2026. Crown。

Links

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/41980970
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41536-026-00464-z

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