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A needle-free intradermal PEDV S protein vaccine elicits protective lactogenic immunity in piglets.

一种无需注射的皮内注射PEDV S蛋白疫苗可诱导仔猪产生保护性泌乳免疫力

Shengjin Liu, Rui Geng, Lu Wang, Xiaona Wei, Yongchang Cao, Hanqin Shen, Feng Chen (2026) A needle-free intradermal PEDV S protein vaccine elicits protective lactogenic immunity in piglets. Front Cell Infect Microbiol (IF: 4.8) 2 区 16 1720440

Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) remains a major threat to the global swine industry, with genotype II (GII) strains causing nearly 100% mortality in neonatal piglets. Current vaccination strategies and biosafety control measures provide limited cross-protection and may pose potential biosafety risks, highlighting the urgent need for safer and more effective preventive approaches. In this study, we evaluated a spike (S) protein subunit vaccine administered via needle-free intradermal (ID) immunization and assessed its capacity to induce maternally derived passive protection. ID immunization elicited robust PEDV-specific IgG and neutralizing antibody responses comparable to those induced by conventional intramuscular (IM) injection, with immune responses maintained for more than four months. High levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected in the serum and colostrum of vaccinated sows, and piglets born to these sows exhibited only mild or no diarrhea following virulent PEDV challenge. Viral shedding and intestinal viral loads were markedly reduced, and intestinal lesions were nearly completely prevented. Overall, this needle-free ID vaccination strategy conferred more than 95% passive protection in neonatal piglets while improving animal welfare and vaccination efficiency. These findings demonstrate that ID delivery of an S protein subunit vaccine represents a promising and practical alternative to conventional IM vaccination for effective PEDV control.Copyright © 2026 Liu, Geng, Wang, Wei, Cao, Shen and Chen.

猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）仍然是全球养猪业面临的主要威胁，其中II型（GII）毒株几乎可导致新生仔猪100%死亡。目前的疫苗接种策略和生物安全控制措施提供的交叉保护有限，且可能存在潜在的生物安全风险，因此迫切需要更安全、更有效的预防方法。本研究评估了一种通过无针皮内（ID）免疫接种的刺突蛋白（S）亚单位疫苗，并评估了其诱导母源性被动保护的能力。皮内免疫接种可诱导产生与传统肌内（IM）注射相当的强效PEDV特异性IgG和中和抗体反应，且免疫反应可持续四个多月。在接种疫苗的母猪血清和初乳中检测到高水平的IgG和中和抗体，这些母猪所产仔猪在强毒PEDV攻击后仅表现出轻微腹泻或无腹泻症状。病毒脱落和肠道病毒载量显著降低，肠道病变几乎完全得到预防。总体而言，这种无针皮内接种策略在新生仔猪中提供了超过95%的被动保护率，同时提高了动物福利和疫苗接种效率。这些发现表明，皮内注射S蛋白亚单位疫苗是有效控制猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）的一种有前景且实用的替代传统肌肉注射疫苗的方法。版权所有 © 2026 刘庚、王伟、曹、沈和陈。